Article

Foot posture is thought to influence predisposition to overuse injuries of the
lower limb. Although the mechanisms underlying this proposed relationship are
unclear, it is thought that altered foot kinematics may play a role. Therefore,
this study was designed to investigate differences in foot motion between people
with normal- and flat-arched feet using the Oxford Foot Model (OFM). Foot posture
in 19 participants was documented as normal-arched (n=10) or flat-arched (n=9)
using a foot screening protocol incorporating measurements from weightbearing
antero-posterior and lateral foot radiographs. Differences between the groups in
triplanar motion of the tibia, rearfoot and forefoot during walking were
evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system incorporating a
multi-segment foot model (OFM). Participants with flat-arched feet demonstrated
greater peak forefoot plantar-flexion (-13.7 degrees +/- 5.6 degrees vs -6.5
degrees +/- 3.7 degrees ; p=0.004), forefoot abduction (-12.9 degrees +/- 6.9
degrees vs -1.8 degrees +/- 6.3 degrees ; p=0.002), and rearfoot internal
rotation (10.6 degrees +/- 7.5 degrees vs -0.2 degrees +/- 9.9 degrees ; p=0.018)
compared to those with normal-arched feet. Additionally, participants with
flat-arched feet demonstrated decreased peak forefoot adduction (-7.0 degrees +/-
9.2 degrees vs 5.6 degrees +/- 7.3 degrees ; p=0.004) and a trend towards
increased rearfoot eversion (-5.8 degrees +/- 4.4 degrees vs -2.5 degrees +/- 2.6
degrees ; p=0.06). These findings support the notion that flat-arched feet have
altered motion associated with greater pronation during gait; factors that may
increase the risk of overuse injury.
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