Article

Functional neuroimaging is increasingly used in rehabilitation
research to map the neural mechanisms subserving training targets. These data can
inform intervention design and improve evaluation of treatment outcomes. Reliable
neural markers may provide standard metrics of treatment impact and allow
consideration of behavioral outcomes in the context of functional brain changes.
OBJECTIVE: To identify common patterns of functional brain changes associated
with training across a diverse range of intervention protocols. Reliable brain
changes could inform development of candidate neural markers to guide
intervention research. METHODS: Taking a quantitative meta-analytic approach, we
review the functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive and motor skills training
interventions in healthy young adults (N = 38). RESULTS: Reliable decreases in
functional brain activity from pretraining to posttraining were observed in brain
regions commonly associated with cognitive control processes, including lateral
prefrontal, left anterior inferior parietal lobule, and dorsal anterior cingulate
cortex. Training-related increases were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex
and posterior cingulate and angular gyrus, core regions of the default network.
Activity within the subcortical striatum also showed reliable increases
pretraining to posttraining. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that altered
engagement of large-scale, spatially distributed cortical brain networks and
subcortical striatal brain regions may serve as candidate neural markers of
training interventions. The development of reliable metrics based on activity and
functional connectivity among large-scale brain networks may prove fruitful in
identifying interactions between domain-general and -specific changes in brain
activity that affect behavioral outcomes.

Langue : ANGLAIS