Article

Many people with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience cognitive
decline. It is not known whether cognitive training or noninvasive brain
stimulation are effective at alleviating cognitive deficits in PD. OBJECTIVE: To examine cognitive training and non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for
cognition in PD. METHODS: An extensive search was conducted of published and
unpublished studies in online databases. Studies were selected if they were
controlled trials examining standard (not individualized) or tailored
(individualized) cognitive training, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS), or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in PD, with outcomes
measured by standardized neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: Fourteen controlled
trials met inclusion criteria. For executive function, the pooled effect size
(Hedges' g) for cognitive training (standard and tailored combined) was small ( g
= 0.42) but statistically significant (95% CI 0.15-0.68). The pooled effect for
standard cognitive training (alone) was medium ( g = 0.51) and significant (95%
CI 0.16-0.85). For attention/working memory, small pooled effect sizes were found
when combining standard and tailored cognitive training ( g = 0.23; 95% CI
0.02-0.44) and for standard cognitive training alone ( g = 0.29; 95% CI
0.04-0.53), both significant. For memory, small but significant pooled effect
sizes were also found when combining standard and tailored cognitive training and
for standard cognitive training alone. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that
standard and tailored cognitive training may improve executive function,
attention/working memory, and memory in PD. Future studies must adopt randomized
controlled trial designs to explore the therapeutic potential of these
interventions.

Langue : ANGLAIS