Article

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases of the
central nervous system is challenging, and although the currently available
biological and imaging tools offer considerable support to physicians, these
tools often fail to provide a simple and final answer at the time of a first
event. Thus, sets of diagnostic criteria have been published and tested on
patient cohorts, and are now used in clinical trials and in daily clinical practice. These criteria have evolved over time to take into account physicians'
and patients' needs, along with emerging paraclinical tests. The different
presentations of MS have given rise to the use of a common classification system
to identify patient profiles and adapt care protocols accordingly. This article
reviews the various classifications of the forms and diagnostic criteria of MS
and related syndromes, including neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/NMO spectrum
disorders (NMOSDs), acute disseminated (demyelinating) encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
and chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement
responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS). Also discussed is their validity in the light
of the currently available literature.
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Langue : ANGLAIS