Article

Wearing high heel shoes has been associated with an increased potential for slips
and falls. The association between wearing high heels and the increased potential
for slipping suggests that the friction demand while wearing high heels may be
greater when compared to wearing low heel shoes. The purpose of this study was to
determine if heel height affects utilized friction (uCOF) during walking. A
secondary purpose of this study was to compare kinematics at the ankle, knee, and
hip that may explain uCOF differences among shoes with varied heel heights.
Fifteen healthy women (mean age 24.5+/-2.5yrs) participated. Subjects walked at
self-selected velocity under 3 different shoe conditions that varied in heel
height (low: 1.27cm, medium: 6.35cm, and high: 9.53cm). Ground reaction forces
(GRFs) were recorded using a force platform (1560Hz). Kinematic data were
obtained using an 8 camera motion analysis system (120Hz). Utilized friction was
calculated as the ratio of resultant shear force to vertical force. One-way
repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to test for differences in peak uCOF,
GRFs at peak uCOF and lower extremity joint angles at peak uCOF. On average, peak
uCOF was found to increase with heel height. The increased uCOF observed in high
heel shoes was related to an increase in the resultant shear force and decrease
in the vertical force. Our results signify the need for proper public education
and increased footwear industry awareness of how high heel shoes affect slip
risk.
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